Just like a passport or visa, some countries require travelers to have specific vaccinations upon entry.
The most commonly required vaccine is yellow fever. Currently, 22 countries in Africa require this vaccine for all visitors over 9 months old. Many other countries might require the yellow fever vaccine based on your travel itinerary. For example, if you are visiting multiple countries in South America or Africa during the same trip, the yellow fever vaccine may be needed to cross borders. Proof of this vaccine is documented in the International Certificate of Vaccination and Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the CDC “Yellow Card.”
The polio vaccine might also be required if there is an outbreak in the region and your stay exceeds 4 weeks.

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